The (Mostly) Complete Guide to the Bowers Museum’s Historic Courtyard

Maze Rock at Trabuco Canyon, 1885 Unknown photographer; Trabuco Canyon, Orange County, California Photographic print; 7 x 12 in. 6538 Terry E. Stephenson Collection

1. Maze-sonry

Three of the stones in the Bowers Museum’s courtyard form a triumvirate of some of the museum’s earliest acquisitions. Found in 1885 on a ridge between Bell and lower Trabuco canyons in the Santa Ana Mountains, this mysterious “maze stone” was made by a member of the Tongva culture. Experts and non-experts alike have speculated as to its meaning. An early Orange County deputy marshal was certain that this stone represented a topographical map of the area with water and food sources marked. Others have drawn a parallel to the maze designs seen on the baskets of southwestern indigenous peoples. These generally represent philosophical depictions of life with the branching paths of the maze being the different paths one can take.

Grinding Stone, date unknown Tongva culture; Silverado Canyon, Orange County, California Stone 1936.1.3 Bowers Museum Collection

2. Ground in Fact

This is a grinding or milling stone which would have traditionally been used to grind acorns by Southern California’s Tongva culture. It too came to the museum in 1936, but there are disputed accounts as to how. The first offers that the stone was cut from the bedrock of Silverado Canyon to be moved to the Key Courtyard shortly before 1936. A second states that the stone was rediscovered by a rancher in 1925. Seeing a chance to charge tourists to see the stone, he had been planning to excavate and move the stone when an Irvine Park Supervisor caught wind. The stone was instead moved to the park where it was buried until 1936.

Bell Stone, date unknown Tongva culture; Silverado Canyon, Orange County, California Stone 1936.1.2 Bowers Museum Collection

3. Gneiss Ring to It

The third of the three stones also comes from the Santa Ana Mountains and was also made and used by the Tongva people. It is a ringing or bell stone which prior to being moved would have been placed atop other stones so that it resonated when it was struck. Unfortunately, a rumor that there was something valuable beneath the stone led to someone accidentally dropping the stone and forever ruining its resonance. The depression on the rock might indicate where it was hit or may have been used like the holes on the grinding stone.

Bowers sword in the stone, 2018

4. By Merlin’s King’s Sword

Of course, there is a fourth iconic stone sitting in the Key Courtyard. This one is of contemporary make, however, and rather than being inspired by the indigenous peoples of California is based on Arthurian myth. Robert de Boron's late 12^th century epic poem Merlin holds that Arthur, King of the Britains, proved his right to rule by pulling Excalibur from an anvil atop a stone. This piece was created from a locally sourced boulder and replica sword as a promotion for our 2018 Knights in Armor exhibition.

Ada E. Bowers Memorial Fountain, 1932 Ada May Sharpless (American, 1899-1988); Santa Ana, California Poured concrete 1932.1.1 Bowers Museum Collection

5. Dulled Font

This fountain is named after Ada E. Bowers, who donated her and her husband’s land for the creation of this museum, a prestigious honor if you overlook the museum proper having officially been named solely after her husband. The figure of the Spanish explorer Juan Cabrillo was created by the Los Angeles-based sculptor Ada May Sharpless in 1932. Originally the fountain ran from the feature on its left side but was filled in later in the century. The scenes on the front of the fountain are now faded but are snapshots into the history of California.

Replica Veracruz sculpture, 20th Century

6. This Seat Taken

This curious figure is an apparent replica of a sculpture from Veracruz made in volcanic stone. Of all the objects in the courtyard, the least is known about this piece which is not even formally a part of the museum’s collections. The only known historical image of the sculpture shows it next to a former Bowers curator, Armand Labbé, at an at an opening for a 1980s pre-Columbian exhibition.

Don Bernardo Yorba’s Millstone, c. 1835 Yorba Linda, California Volcanic scoria; 12 x 30 in. 19734 Bowers Museum Collection

7. Milling About

This volcanic millstone used to rest in front of the California pepper tree in our courtyard before the tree was removed. It was found on Halladay's Ranch in what is now Yorba Linda, a quarter of a mile from the site of an old grist mill which had been inherited from Don Bernardo Yorba. The water-powered mill was said to be the only one in the territory now known as Orange County.

Memorial Statue (Balbal), 5th to 6th Century (Reproduction) Turkic and Mongol cultures; Central Asia Fiberglass R.2010.4.1 Gift of the National Museum of History, Taipei

8. On the Balbal

Emerging from wood chips near to the functional fountain in the courtyard is a fiberglass reproduction of a statue which would have originally been made in Southern Russia, Ukraine, Prussia, southern Siberia, Central Asia, or Mongolia around the 5^th or 6^th century. Known as kurgan stelae or balbals, these figures are memorial markers for the dead. The vast area in which these figures are found means that there is significant variation between balbals. Distinct stones, carvings and shapes are employed in different regions.

Molasses Vat, 17th Century Herrera Province, Panama Wood; 22 x 77 x 28 in. 91.18.1 Gift of Mrs. Sheila Lichacz

9. Sweet and Sappy

For those who have explored the courtyard’s balcony, this log vat would have originally been used for making and storing molasses. Crafted from a felled corotu tree, this was made in the Herrera Province of Panama some 250 to 300 years ago. The vat served two purposes: first sugarcane was squeezed out into the vat where it was collected. Later, after it was boiled, the molasses was also stored in the vat. Leather was placed over the top to ensure that nothing could get into the molasses.

Bell, 1810 Mexico Bronze; 9 × 12 1/2 in. 19736 Gift of Herman F. Locke and Rosita Yorba Locke

10. Balcony Bell

The other object of note on the balcony is a bronze bell decorated with ecclesiastical designs. Designs molded into its outer surface include a cross, the crucifixion, and a Madonna. All three are interlaced with lacy scrolls. According to the donors, this bell once hung in a church near or in Mexico City until it was brought to their ranch.

Bells, 19th Century Santa Ana, California Bronze 3730-3731 Gift of Josephine M. Crookshank and Bowers Museum Collection

11. The Two Tower(bell)s

Two bells hang in the museum’s bell tower, greeting—in better times—entrants to the museum. One of these bells came from the old grammar and high school in Santa Ana, called Central School. It was purchased by a former music and art teacher and donated to the museum so that it would not be destroyed. The other was an electronic bell used at the old Santa Ana fire house. It would ring up to about twelve times to indicate which part of the city a fire was in. It was a dispatch signal alarm bell and never had a clapper.